{"id":43838,"date":"2024-10-16T20:21:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T20:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/?page_id=43838"},"modified":"2024-10-16T20:23:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T20:23:52","slug":"advanced-library-searching","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/fr\/advanced-library-searching\/","title":{"rendered":"Recherche Avanc\u00e9e en Biblioth\u00e8que"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"43838\" class=\"elementor elementor-43838\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad4f856 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ad4f856\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32708ca elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"32708ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5c081 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c5c081\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def4bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"def4bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La recherche en biblioth\u00e8que est l'art d'\u00eatre juste assez sp\u00e9cifique en utilisant un ensemble d'outils simples. Ce guide vous pr\u00e9sentera les termes de base, les fonctions et les limites du syst\u00e8me DTL, et vous donnera quelques outils pour commencer \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de meilleures recherches. Il est long, avec beaucoup d'explications et d'exemples. Tout le monde peut ne pas vouloir ou avoir besoin de ce niveau de d\u00e9tail. Si vous voulez juste commencer ou si vous avez besoin d'un rafra\u00eechissement, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.mit.edu\/c.php?g=175963&amp;p=1158594\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est un excellent guide court sur la recherche bool\u00e9enne des biblioth\u00e8ques du MIT. Des instructions tr\u00e8s basiques pour utiliser le catalogue et se connecter pour acc\u00e9der aux documents sont disponibles <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Using-the-DTL.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les instructions pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 des documents que la DTL ne poss\u00e8de pas sont <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ILL-requests.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ici<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29d01e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"29d01e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2f2a9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2a2f2a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88884df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"88884df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e0709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5e0709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pourquoi ce guide ?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c11dca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c11dca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1334b35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1334b35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La DTL, comme la plupart des syst\u00e8mes de biblioth\u00e8que et les bases de donn\u00e9es auxquelles ils souscrivent, ne fonctionne pas comme une recherche de navigateur Internet. Google et d'autres navigateurs utilisent des algorithmes complexes pour analyser les mots que vous avez tap\u00e9s dans le champ et d\u00e9terminer les synonymes et les sujets connexes, faisant parfois des liens avec votre historique Internet personnel. Les r\u00e9sultats que vous obtenez une fois la page charg\u00e9e peuvent ou non inclure les mots exacts que vous avez tap\u00e9s. La recherche peut trouver des correspondances parfaites que vous ne saviez pas chercher, et elle peut limiter vos r\u00e9sultats en fonction de facteurs qu'elle ne vous r\u00e9v\u00e8le pas, comme votre localisation ou votre historique de navigation. Vous pouvez m\u00eame formuler votre recherche Google comme une question, et les algorithmes reconna\u00eetront souvent la syntaxe et renverront des r\u00e9sultats qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la question.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le DTL n'a pas ces capacit\u00e9s. Il peut proposer des suggestions de remplissage automatique limit\u00e9es dans la barre de recherche, mais sinon, il lit exactement ce que vous avez tap\u00e9 et recherche dans les enregistrements disponibles de mani\u00e8re sp\u00e9cifique. La derni\u00e8re section de ce guide donne quelques d\u00e9tails techniques pour vous aider \u00e0 comprendre pourquoi, mais pour la plupart, ce guide se concentrera simplement sur le comment.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dad905 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2dad905\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d374143 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d374143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8da23c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8da23c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb72723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb72723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Op\u00e9rateurs bool\u00e9ens de base<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05fdaa2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"05fdaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">ET<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">OU<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">NE PAS<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6281\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les catalogues de biblioth\u00e8ques utilisent la logique bool\u00e9enne pour interpr\u00e9ter vos recherches et fournir des listes de r\u00e9sultats. La logique bool\u00e9enne est un syst\u00e8me de logique vrai\/faux bas\u00e9 sur les travaux du math\u00e9maticien George Boole. Elle repose sur les trois op\u00e9rateurs ET, OU et NON. La plupart des langages de programmation informatique ont un moyen d'exprimer et de lire ces op\u00e9rateurs, et ils constituent un \u00e9l\u00e9ment fondamental des recherches dans les biblioth\u00e8ques num\u00e9riques depuis des d\u00e9cennies.<\/span><\/p><p><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ce guide utilisera <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">italique<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour indiquer des termes de recherche, car les guillemets et certaines autres ponctuations, comme vous le verrez, ont des significations sp\u00e9cifiques qui modifieront votre recherche. Pour \u00e9viter toute confusion, les titres d'\u0153uvres et les mots accentu\u00e9s seront <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">soulign\u00e9<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019utiliser l\u2019italique lorsque vous effectuez une recherche dans la base de donn\u00e9es DTL. De m\u00eame, ce guide pr\u00e9sentera les trois op\u00e9rateurs bool\u00e9ens de base en majuscules, comme dans le paragraphe pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, afin qu\u2019ils soient facilement rep\u00e9rables et identifiables en tant qu\u2019op\u00e9rateurs. Le syst\u00e8me de la biblioth\u00e8que ne fait pas la distinction entre majuscules et minuscules. Vous pouvez saisir les op\u00e9rateurs en majuscules si cela vous aide, mais cela n\u2019aura aucune incidence sur le syst\u00e8me. Vous remarquerez \u00e9galement que, tout au long de ce guide, les noms propres dans les expressions de recherche peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9crits en majuscules ou en minuscules. Le syst\u00e8me ne fera pas la distinction entre <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rogers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rogers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">ET<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6282\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43857\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43857\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43857 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with shaded circles. One circle is labeled &quot;process&quot; and the other is labeled &quot;theology.&quot; The overlapping area has darker shading than the circles alone. A search using no operator or the operator AND will find only materials in the overlapping section of the diagram.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND.png 614w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43857\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">et trouveront tout \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la zone plus sombre o\u00f9 les cercles se chevauchent<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L'op\u00e9rateur le plus courant et celui par d\u00e9faut est ET. Lorsque vous tapez une expression de plusieurs mots dans la barre de recherche, comme <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie du processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, le syst\u00e8me lit <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus ET th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Il recherchera tout enregistrement qui contient <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">les deux<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> les mots <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">n'importe o\u00f9 dans l'enregistrement, mais cela ne fera aucune diff\u00e9rence si ces mots sont utilis\u00e9s ensemble ou comment ils sont utilis\u00e9s ensemble. Donc un livre intitul\u00e9 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8168986\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La th\u00e9ologie du processus en tant que th\u00e9ologie politique<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> s'affiche dans la m\u00eame liste de r\u00e9sultats qu'un livre intitul\u00e9 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/957656505\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e9ologie interculturelle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> avec le terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique \u201c processus \u201d figurant quelque part dans la description.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cela ne signifie pas que cette m\u00e9thode de recherche la plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire ne fonctionne pas. Comme la \u201c th\u00e9ologie du processus \u201d est un terme technique et qu\u2019il existe de nombreux livres et articles \u00e0 ce sujet dans la DTL, si vous recherchez simplement l\u2019expression <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie du processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vous y trouverez de nombreuses ressources utiles. D&#x27;ailleurs, il suffit de taper <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vous recevez le journal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/591374709\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9tudes de processus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sur la premi\u00e8re page de r\u00e9sultats. Vous obtenez toutefois \u00e9galement beaucoup de r\u00e9sultats non pertinents ; si vous vous retrouvez \u00e0 devoir passer au crible de nombreux r\u00e9sultats inutiles, vous devrez peut-\u00eatre reformuler votre recherche.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajouter plus de mots affinera naturellement votre recherche. S'il y a 10 000 enregistrements avec les deux <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> quelque part en eux, en ajoutant <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">philosophie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> supprimera n'importe lequel de ces 10 000 sans ce troisi\u00e8me mot. Plus vous ajoutez de mots \u00e0 une recherche de base comme celle-ci, plus elle sera cibl\u00e9e et donc plus limit\u00e9e. La plupart du temps, vous pouvez trouver un livre ou un article sp\u00e9cifique en tapant simplement le nom de famille de l'auteur et deux ou trois mots importants du titre. Allez au DTL et recherchez la phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">graffiti de rogers dieu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Vous devriez vous procurer le livre du professeur Frank Rogers du CST. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/743214169\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00e9couvrir Dieu dans les graffitis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> en tant que premier ou deuxi\u00e8me r\u00e9sultat.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astuce : Parfois, pendant que vous tapez, le syst\u00e8me vous propose une liste d\u00e9roulante de termes de recherche potentiels. Vous pouvez s\u00e9lectionner un de ces termes s'il correspond \u00e0 ce que vous recherchez, ou ignorer la liste et faire votre propre recherche. Si vous d\u00e9cidez d'ignorer la liste d\u00e9roulante, vous devrez peut-\u00eatre cliquer manuellement sur le bouton de recherche \u00e0 droite de la barre de recherche, car parfois le premier \u00e9l\u00e9ment de la liste d\u00e9roulante est automatiquement s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9. Si vous appuyez simplement sur la touche Entr\u00e9e pour lancer la recherche, elle portera sur cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment au lieu de ce que vous avez tap\u00e9. Tous les syst\u00e8mes informatiques ont leurs petites fonctionnalit\u00e9s aga\u00e7antes, et celle-ci est l'une des particularit\u00e9s du catalogue DTL.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">OU<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6283\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43856\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43856\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43856\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with unshaded circles. A search using the OR operator will find records that would fit in any part of the diagram.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR.png 586w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43856\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">OU trouvera tout dans les deux cercles et dans la zone de chevauchement.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L&#x27;op\u00e9rateur \u00ab OR \u00bb constitue un moyen pratique de varier la formulation de vos recherches. Cet op\u00e9rateur s&#x27;av\u00e8re particuli\u00e8rement utile lorsque vous utilisez des synonymes. La recherche <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus OU th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> trouvera tous les enregistrements avec le mot <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et chaque enregistrement avec le mot <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, y compris des documents les concernant tous les deux. C'est probablement beaucoup trop, et la plupart d'entre eux seront sans rapport. Mais vous cherchez peut-\u00eatre des documents sur les professionnels religieux protestants. Vous pouvez taper <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pasteur ou ministre<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pour obtenir une gamme de.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comme OR est susceptible de trouver un nombre de r\u00e9sultats beaucoup plus important que AND, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de l'utiliser avec pr\u00e9caution ou en combinaison avec d'autres op\u00e9rateurs.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">NE PAS<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6284\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43855\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43855\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43855\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with an unshaded circle labeled Christmas and a green-shaded circle labeled Santa. Using the operator NOT only find items in the unshaded circle, not the green circle or the area where they overlap.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT.png 653w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43855\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seulement les mat\u00e9riaux dans le cercle blanc seront trouv\u00e9s, pas ceux dans le cercle vert ni dans la zone de chevauchement.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C'est l'op\u00e9rateur le plus difficile, car il est facile d'\u00e9liminer accidentellement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments que vous pourriez vouloir voir. Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d'utiliser NOT lorsque vous recherchez un terme qui a des utilisations dans des contextes tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents ou si vous souhaitez \u00e9liminer des \u00e9l\u00e9ments sur un sous-th\u00e8me obscur.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disons que vous souhaitez faire des <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl Pas Le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (la section ci-dessous sur les guillemets expliquera comment inclure le nom complet du P\u00e8re No\u00ebl dans cette recherche), mais cela pourrait signifier que vous ne verrez pas les enregistrements de livres qui seraient principalement utiles mais qui incluent un chapitre facilement ignor\u00e9 sur le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl. Ce n'est peut-\u00eatre pas le bon moment pour utiliser `NOT`.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cependant, NOT peut s&#x27;av\u00e9rer utile dans d&#x27;autres cas. Imaginons que vous tapiez <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dans le catalogue et obtenir des millions de r\u00e9sultats, mais pour une raison quelconque, beaucoup des premiers r\u00e9sultats sont des documents sur la plante parfois appel\u00e9e cactus de No\u00ebl. Dans ce cas, vous pouvez essayer <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl PAS cactus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl PAS botanique<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou quelque chose de similaire pour \u00e9liminer ces r\u00e9sultats non pertinents. La DTL a acc\u00e8s \u00e0 de nombreux journaux m\u00e9dicaux car ils sont inclus dans certains autres abonnements, de sorte que vous pourriez vous retrouver dans des situations o\u00f9 vous ajoutez <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PAS de m\u00e9decine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou similaire peut aider \u00e0 d\u00e9sencombrer vos r\u00e9sultats.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vous pouvez \u00e9galement utiliser \u00ab NOT \u00bb pour exclure de vos r\u00e9sultats les sous-th\u00e8mes les moins connus. Le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl fait partie int\u00e9grante de No\u00ebl aux \u00c9tats-Unis ; utiliser \u00ab NOT \u00bb pour \u00e9viter les documents le concernant pourrait donc se retourner contre vous. En revanche, le personnage europ\u00e9en du Krampus n\u2019a acquis une grande notori\u00e9t\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis que r\u00e9cemment. Si les c\u00e9l\u00e9brations de No\u00ebl en Allemagne et en Autriche ne vous int\u00e9ressent pas, vous pouvez peut-\u00eatre utiliser l\u2019expression <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl PAS Krampus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> vous aidera \u00e0 affiner votre recherche.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astuce : Il. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alexandrie ET \u00c9gypte <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vous donnera des r\u00e9sultats plus pertinents que <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alexandrie PAS Virginie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u00e0 la fois parce qu'il identifie positivement votre cible, et parce que vous n'\u00e9liminerez pas accidentellement des livres sur la ville \u00e9gyptienne qui se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00eatre \u00e9crits par des universitaires nomm\u00e9s Virginia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Astuce : Les phrases n\u00e9gatives ne d\u00e9pendent pas de l'ordre, ce qui signifie <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl Pas Le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est une recherche diff\u00e9rente de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00e8re No\u00ebl PAS No\u00ebl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Voir la section ci-dessous sur les parenth\u00e8ses pour en savoir plus sur la syntaxe et l'ordre dans les cha\u00eenes de recherche.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ee374 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54ee374\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25375b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"25375b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46011ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"46011ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8041734 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8041734\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ponctuation et op\u00e9rateurs de combinaison<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c8a38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87c8a38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b0d48 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"14b0d48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2161\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2162\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Guillemets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2163\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ast\u00e9risques<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2164\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Parenth\u00e8ses et cha\u00eenes de recherche<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2165\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mots vides et titres avec des mots op\u00e9rateurs<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2166\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Recherche de titres et d'auteurs<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2161\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ET, OU et NON sont les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de base de la recherche dans une biblioth\u00e8que, mais avec quelques symboles suppl\u00e9mentaires et une compr\u00e9hension de la syntaxe des op\u00e9rateurs, vous pouvez affiner vos recherches pour tirer le meilleur parti de la biblioth\u00e8que.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Guillemets<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2162\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apr\u00e8s les trois op\u00e9rateurs de base, les guillemets sont la fonctionnalit\u00e9 la plus utile de la syntaxe de recherche de biblioth\u00e8que. Rappelez-vous comment la recherche <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie du processus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> signifie vraiment <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">processus ET th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dans le langage du syst\u00e8me ? Les guillemets indiqueront au syst\u00e8me de lire <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cth\u00e9ologie du process\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> maintenant, au lieu de trouver tous les enregistrements qui contiennent ces deux mots quelque part, il ne trouvera que les enregistrements o\u00f9 ces mots apparaissent ensemble dans cette configuration exacte. Cela peut \u00eatre utile si vous recherchez un terme technique tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifique compos\u00e9 de mots plus g\u00e9n\u00e9riques (comme, en effet, la th\u00e9ologie du processus), ou vous pouvez l'utiliser pour rechercher des \u0153uvres sp\u00e9cifiques par leur titre. Dans le <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl Pas Le P\u00e8re No\u00ebl<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exemple ci-dessus, vous pourriez utiliser des guillemets pour rechercher <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No\u00ebl PAS \u201c P\u00e8re No\u00ebl \u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> si c'\u00e9tait important d'indiquer le nom complet.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Ast\u00e9risques<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2163\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les ast\u00e9risques (cette petite \u00e9toile que vous pouvez utiliser en appuyant simultan\u00e9ment sur les touches Maj et 8 sur un clavier standard en langue anglaise) sont tr\u00e8s utiles pour rechercher des sujets o\u00f9 un mot racine peut \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9 de plusieurs terminaisons possibles.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Au lieu de faire des recherches s\u00e9par\u00e9es pour les mots <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th\u00e9ologie, th\u00e9ologique, th\u00e9ologiser, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theologian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make sure you get everything you need, you can simply search for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theolog*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the system will search for the typed letters with any ending. As you can imagine, this is more useful with some roots than with others. For most people, the example of theolog* is probably actually much too broad. Similarly, the search <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christ*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will get you results with Christ, Christian, Christianity, and Christmas, as well as Christopher, Christchurch, christendom, Christina, christen, and on and on. Make sure to type as much of the word as you possibly can without excluding the endings you want to see (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theolog* <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">instead of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theo*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or, worse, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). With a few exceptions, roots less than four or five letters probably won\u2019t be helpful.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asterisks are most useful where you don\u2019t want to differentiate between singular and plural, or where a root might have equally relevant forms in different parts of speech (a noun, verb, adjective, etc., such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jew<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jewish<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oblige<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obligation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Adding another operator can help limit the search if there are too many results. For example, the endless possibilities of the term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> might be narrowed down a very little bit with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ* AND england<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ* AND scripture<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Parenth\u00e8ses et cha\u00eenes de recherche<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2164\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parentheses enable you to combine multiple operators and determine the order in which they\u2019re read. The system will perform the segment of the string inside in the innermost parentheses first, and then will use the results of that operation to perform the next one.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you type the phrase with different operators, the system will read the AND operation first. In the string <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor AND Methodist OR Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the system will give you all the results that combine the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, plus all the results with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whether or not the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is present. If you put <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AND pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the other side of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it will still read the AND first. You\u2019d get a lot of things about Presbyterian pastors plus a lot of things about Methodists.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But that probably isn\u2019t what you meant. Instead, use the string <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian).<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The system will first find all of the records containing either of the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, then will narrow the results by selecting the records that also contain the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You can create even more steps by nesting the parentheses: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">education AND (pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian))<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> might be a roundabout way to look for research on denominational seminaries. Make sure to count your parentheses and close all of your phrases.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also use parentheses to search for terms that have important synonyms, and you can use multiple separate parenthetical phrases in the same string, like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(bible OR scripture) AND (Hebrew OR Jewish)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: You can create strings as long and as nested as you want, although if your searches are getting very complicated there\u2019s probably an easier way. Try finding different search terms, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seminary AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seminar* AND denomination* <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">instead of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">education AND (pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian))<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or, if you\u2019re getting very, very specific, head to Google to find the title of the individual book you\u2019re looking for.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: You don\u2019t need parentheses if you\u2019re using the same operator throughout your string or if you have only one operator. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist AND Presbyterian AND Baptist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the same as if you put parentheses anywhere in that string. You only need parentheses when you\u2019re mixing AND, OR, and NOT.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: It doesn\u2019t matter what order you put things in if you\u2019re using parentheses correctly. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Methodist OR Presbyterian) AND pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should find the same results as the example above. You could also switch the order of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mots vides et titres avec des mots op\u00e9rateurs<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2165\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To increase efficiency, the system will ignore some words, called stop words. Inclusion of these words as part of the search string would return most or even literally all of the records available.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common stop words are:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articles (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a, an, the<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most small prepositions (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in, out, of, by, to, on<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the verb <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and many of its conjugations (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are, is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">subordinating conjunctions (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if, which, that<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes it\u2019s easier to type what\u2019s in your head or what you\u2019re used to typing, rather than take the time to sort through all of the things that are irrelevant, even if the parsed version is simpler. The searches <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bible <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">et <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will get you the same results, so there\u2019s no harm in including stop words or capital letters if it would take more effort to stop yourself from typing them. The important thing to remember is that the system doesn\u2019t understand normal English, so including stop words won\u2019t improve your results. The phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law in the bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is identical, as far as the system is concerned, to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law AND bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If you want to distinguish Deuteronomistic legal codes from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">modern<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> laws about or based on the Bible, you need to construct a search using distinct terms, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">torah<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cdeuteronomistic code\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, stop words and the operators AND, OR, and NOT are normal words that often appear in titles. If you\u2019re looking for a specific work, this is easy to get around in two ways:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can choose distinctive words from the title, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">finding god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (including the author\u2019s name for good measure, if you want).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can use quotation marks, as in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cfinding god in the graffiti\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the title doesn\u2019t contain any especially distinctive words and you need to include a stop word or an operator word to find it (for example, the book <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/2296199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jesus Christ is not God<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), quotation marks are the best solution.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: It is very difficult to find full lists of stop words. The ones listed above are safe to assume, but longer prepositions like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">above<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">along<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may or may not be excluded from your searches. Trial and error is a good strategy, and when in doubt, quotation marks will always make sure those words are included. You can even put quotation marks around a single word.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Recherche de titres et d'auteurs<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2166\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An easy and usually reliable way to search for a resource you already know about is to search for the author\u2019s name plus two or three major words from the title. Above, we tried the example <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">graffiti de rogers dieu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This works nearly all the time, if the title and the author\u2019s name are distinct enough.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But what if they aren\u2019t distinct (a frequent problem in biblical studies, where it\u2019s common to find dozens of books with titles like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gospel of Matthew<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ou <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deuteronomy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)? Or what if you remember the book\u2019s title, but without the author\u2019s name you aren\u2019t getting the correct results? Or what if you simply want to see all of the available works by a specific author?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enter the index identifiers. All of the searches so far in this guide have been keyword searches, which means that they do not specify a particular part of the record to search, and therefore search the entire record. But catalog records are divided into distinct sections. These are explained a little more fully in the section of this guide called Technical Stuff, but for now you just need to know that they exist and you can specify them in your searches.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common index identifiers are:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au = author (In the DTL this will also find editors, translators, other creators and sometimes contributors.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ti = title<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">su = subject (This searches specific sections of the catalog record, and will not necessarily find all items that could be considered to belong to that subject. See the Technical Stuff section for more.)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To use these identifiers, type them with a colon (:) or equal sign (=) before the search term. You can also use them with other operators, quotation marks, and parentheses, and all of the usual rules apply. Here are a few different ways to find Dr. Rogers\u2019s book:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ti: \u201cfinding god in the graffiti\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au: Frank Rogers<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au: \u201cFrank Rogers\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">graffiti AND au: rogers<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also search for an author\u2019s works by finding one of them through a keyword or title search and then clicking on the author\u2019s name where it appears as a link in the record.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: Although it appears in one of the examples, it\u2019s usually best not to search for an author\u2019s name in quotation marks. This is because not all authors are identified in the system by simply their first and last name. Many authors use initials, shortened names, or middle names, which don\u2019t always appear in the same ways on all of their publications. Some people, often women, may have published under two or three names at different times in their careers, and some authors with Asian or African names adopt Western names that may appear differently in different publications. Librarians have ways of collecting all of these names under a single author record, but the record name might not be the one you\u2019re expecting. Quotation marks may be helpful to distinguish two authors with similar names, but only if you\u2019re sure of the record name.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10629c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10629c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55fd460 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"55fd460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47dff0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47dff0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4324964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4324964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dans les coulisses<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa7c7b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aa7c7b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da71eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da71eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section is for people who want to do deep searches, such as finding all or nearly all of the available literature on a topic. It includes a basic description of the technical structures underlying the operations that this guide has already discussed. This provides context for why the catalog works the way it does, which will be helpful as you try to get the most out of it.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each item in a library catalog has a unique record created using a database cataloging format called machine readable cataloging (MARC). A MARC record consists of many fields whose contents are determined by numbers. For example, field 100 indicates the primary author of a work, and field 245 indicates the title. You won\u2019t see these fields directly, but you can manipulate your searches to make use of them.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is a typical DTL catalog record for a book:<\/span><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43864 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of a DTL record for Frank Rogers's book Finding God in the Graffiti. There are many different fields showing different types of information about the book.\" width=\"624\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord.png 624w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord-300x278.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The place of everything in this record is determined by MARC fields. There are many possible fields, so you may see different categories for different types of items. For example, records for journal articles will not usually include the \u201cSeries\u201d category or the publication location that\u2019s near the top. There are also a lot of fields that you aren\u2019t seeing but that the system can still read. When you use the checkboxes to narrow your search on the left side of the results page (not shown in this image), you\u2019re asking the system to read various fields, such as those for date or language, to make exclusions from the list it has already given you.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two quirks that an advanced researcher should know about:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although editors and translators are designated by different MARC fields than authors, for convenience all creators will usually appear in the \u201cAuthor\u201d category in the record, sometimes\u2013but not always\u2013with their actual designation in parentheses after their name. This is important for your citations. Do not rely on the categories as presented in the catalog for accurate citation information. Make sure to look at the item itself to make sure you\u2019re listing authors, editors, translators, publishers, etc., correctly in your footnotes and bibliographies. It is common to find organizations listed in the catalog on the \u201cAuthor\u201d line, often for things like conference proceedings where the organization simply convened the conference or funded the work, and shouldn\u2019t be cited as a creator.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The links in the \u201cSubjects\u201d category are pre-determined headings related to specific MARC fields. They will come up in a general keyword search, but if you click one of the links it will <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">only<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> look for other items with that specific heading designated in a MARC field. That means it will not necessarily find every item associated with that topic, since a librarian or technician had to deliberately choose to include it in the record. Subject headings can be very helpful for browsing and for focusing your searches if you\u2019re getting a lot of irrelevant results, but don\u2019t mistake them for exhaustive lists of everything published on a particular topic. The fact that subject headings are pre-determined makes them poor options for starting your search, because you need to know what the subject heading is called before you can search for it. Further, the way they\u2019re phrased is not always intuitive to specialists in a field, especially if vocabulary or other considerations about the topic have changed since the headings were created. It took years of advocacy by librarians to get the subject heading <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ala.org\/news\/2021\/11\/ala-welcomes-removal-offensive-illegal-aliens-subject-headings\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illegal aliens <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">changed, and then many libraries had to manually update their records to reflect the change. You can browse the very, very extensive full list of Library of Congress subject headings here (but you can see in the record above that other lists exist, often created by the national libraries of other countries): <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCSH\/freelcsh.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCSH\/freelcsh.html<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe1e6da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe1e6da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68d573a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68d573a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. Not everyone [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-43838","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Advanced Library Searching - Claremont School of Theology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/fr\/advanced-library-searching\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Advanced Library Searching\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. 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