{"id":43838,"date":"2024-10-16T20:21:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T20:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/?page_id=43838"},"modified":"2024-10-16T20:23:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T20:23:52","slug":"advanced-library-searching","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/advanced-library-searching\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9032\u968e\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u641c\u5c0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"43838\" class=\"elementor elementor-43838\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad4f856 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ad4f856\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32708ca elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"32708ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c5c081 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7c5c081\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-def4bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"def4bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. Not everyone may want or need this level of detail. If you just want to get started or need a refresher, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.mit.edu\/c.php?g=175963&amp;p=1158594\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5462\u5ea6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a great, short guide to Boolean searches from the MIT libraries. Very basic instructions for using the catalog and logging in to access materials are available <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Using-the-DTL.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5462\u5ea6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Instructions for getting access to materials that the DTL doesn\u2019t own are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ILL-requests.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5462\u5ea6<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29d01e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"29d01e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2f2a9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2a2f2a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88884df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"88884df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5e0709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5e0709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why This Guide?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c11dca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c11dca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1334b35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1334b35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The DTL, like most library systems and the databases they subscribe to, does not function like an internet browser search. Google and other browsers use complex algorithms to analyze the words you typed into the field and determine synonyms and related topics, sometimes making connections to your own internet history. The results you get when the page finishes loading may or may not include the exact words you typed. The search might find perfect matches that you didn\u2019t know to search for, and they might limit your results based on factors they don\u2019t tell you they\u2019re using, like your location or browsing history. You can even phrase your Google search as a question, and the algorithms will often recognize the syntax and return results that answer the question.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The DTL doesn\u2019t have these capabilities. It can give limited autofill suggestions in the search bar, but otherwise it reads exactly what you typed and searches the available records in specific ways. The last section of this guide gives some of the technical details to help you understand why, but for the most part this guide is going to focus simply on the how.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dad905 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2dad905\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d374143 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d374143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8da23c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8da23c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb72723 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb72723\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Basic Boolean Operators<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05fdaa2 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"05fdaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6281\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6282\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">AND<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6283\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u6216\u8005<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6284\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">NOT<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6281\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6281\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Library catalogs use Boolean logic to read your searches and deliver lists of results. Boolean logic is a basic system of true\/false logic based on the work of mathematician George Boole. It is founded on the three operators AND, OR, and NOT. Most computer programming languages have a way of expressing and reading these operators, and they have been a foundational part of digital library searches for decades.<\/span><\/p><p><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This guide will use <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">italics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to indicate search terms, because quotation marks and some other punctuation, as you\u2019ll see, have specific meanings that will change your search. To avoid confusion, titles of works and words with emphasis will be <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">underlined<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You do not need to use italics when you search the DTL. Similarly, this guide will put the three basic Boolean operators in all caps, as they are in the paragraph above this one, so they\u2019re easy to see and identify as operators. The library system is not case-sensitive. You can type the operators in all caps if that helps you, but it won\u2019t make a difference to the system. You will also see that throughout this guide, proper names in search phrases may or may not be capitalized. The system will not read a difference between <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rogers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rogers<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" aria-expanded=\"false\">AND<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6282\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6282\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43857\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43857\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-43857 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with shaded circles. One circle is labeled &quot;process&quot; and the other is labeled &quot;theology.&quot; The overlapping area has darker shading than the circles alone. A search using no operator or the operator AND will find only materials in the overlapping section of the diagram.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND.png 614w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43857\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">AND will find everything inside the darker area where the circles overlap<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common and the default operator is AND. When you type a multi-word phrase into the search bar, like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the system reads <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process AND theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It will search for any record that contains <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">both<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theology <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anywhere in the record, but it will not make a difference if or how those words are used together. So a book titled <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/8168986\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Process Theology as Political Theology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows up in the same list of results as a book called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/957656505\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Intercultural Theology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the generic word \u201cprocess\u201d somewhere in the description.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That doesn\u2019t mean this most basic method of searching doesn\u2019t work. Since \u201cprocess theology\u201d is a technical term and there are a lot of books and papers in the DTL about it, if you just search for the phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you\u2019ll find a lot of helpful materials. In fact, if you just type <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you get the journal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/591374709\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u904e\u7a0b\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the first page of results. You also get a lot of irrelevant stuff, though, so if you find yourself wading through a lot of unhelpful results, you may need to redesign the way you\u2019re phrasing your search.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adding more words will naturally narrow down your search. If there are 10,000 records with both <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> somewhere in them, adding <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">philosophy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will eliminate any of those 10,000 without that third word. The more words you add to a basic search like this, the more targeted and therefore more limited it will be. Most of the time you can find a specific book or article simply by typing in the author\u2019s last name and two or three important words from the title. Go to the DTL and search for the phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rogers god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You should get CST Professor Frank Rogers\u2019s book <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/743214169\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finding God in the Graffiti<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as the first or second result.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: Sometimes as you\u2019re typing the system will give you a dropdown list of potential search terms. You can select one of those terms if it matches what you\u2019re looking for, or you can ignore the list and do it on your own. If you decide to ignore the dropdown list, you may need to manually click the search button on the right side of the search bar, because sometimes the top item in the dropdown list will automatically select, so if you just hit the return key to search it will search for that instead of what you typed. Every computer system has its minor annoying features, and this is one of the DTL catalog\u2019s.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\u6216\u8005<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6283\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6283\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43856\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43856\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43856\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with unshaded circles. A search using the OR operator will find records that would fit in any part of the diagram.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/OR.png 586w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43856\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR will find everything in both circles and in the overlapping area.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A useful way to change up your search phrasing is the operator OR. This operator is most helpful when you\u2019re working with synonyms. The search <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process OR theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will find every record with the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and every record with the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including records with both of them. That\u2019s probably way too much, and most of them will be unrelated. But maybe you\u2019re looking for materials on Protestant religious professionals. You can type <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor OR minister<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to get a wider range of results than if you just searched for one of the words by itself. This phrasing accounts for the fact that there are multiple and sometimes interchangeable ways to refer to someone who leads a Protestant church, and you can\u2019t be sure which one a useful book or article might use.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since OR is likely to find much larger numbers of results than AND, it\u2019s best to use it carefully or in combination with other operators.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" aria-expanded=\"false\">NOT<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6284\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6284\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><figure id=\"attachment_43855\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43855\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-43855\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT-300x175.png\" alt=\"A Venn diagram with an unshaded circle labeled Christmas and a green-shaded circle labeled Santa. Using the operator NOT only find items in the unshaded circle, not the green circle or the area where they overlap.\" width=\"300\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/NOT.png 653w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43855\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOT will only find materials in the white circle, not the green one or the overlapping area.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the most challenging operator, because it\u2019s easy to accidentally eliminate things you might want to see. It\u2019s best to use NOT when you\u2019re searching for a term that has uses in multiple very different contexts or if you want to eliminate items on an obscure subtopic.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s say you want to do research on Christmas, but you aren\u2019t interested in materials about Santa Claus. You can search for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT Santa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, (the section below on quotation marks will explain how to get the whole name Santa Claus into this search), but that might mean you don\u2019t see records for books that would mostly be useful but happen to have an easily skippable chapter on Santa Claus. This might not be a good time to use NOT.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, NOT can be useful in other cases. Maybe you type <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into the catalog and get millions of results, but for some reason a lot of the top results are materials about the plant sometimes called the Christmas cactus. In this case you can try <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT cactus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT botany<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or something similar to eliminate those irrelevant results. The DTL has access to a lot of medical journals because they come bundled with some other subscriptions, so you may find yourself in situations when adding <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOT medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or similar can help declutter your results.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also use NOT to keep more obscure subtopics out of your results. Santa Claus is a highly integrated feature of Christmas in the United States, so using NOT to avoid materials about Santa might backfire. However, the European figure Krampus has only recently gained a lot of visibility in the US, so if you\u2019re not interested in German and Austrian celebrations of Christmas, maybe the phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT Krampus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will help you narrow your search down.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: It is usually more effective to add an AND to your search rather than a NOT. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alexandria AND Egypt <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will get you more relevant results than <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alexandria NOT Virginia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, both because it positively identifies your target, and because you won\u2019t accidentally eliminate books about the Egyptian city that happened to be written by scholars named Virginia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: NOT phrases are order dependent, meaning <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT Santa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a different search from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santa NOT Christmas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. See the section below on parentheses for more about syntax and order in search strings.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ee374 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54ee374\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25375b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"25375b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46011ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"46011ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8041734 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8041734\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Punctuation and Combining Operators<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c8a38 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87c8a38\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b0d48 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"14b0d48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2161\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2162\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Quotation Marks<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2163\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Asterisks<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2164\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Parentheses and Search Strings<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2165\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Stop Words and Titles with Operator Words<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2166\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Searching for Titles and Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Introduction<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2161\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AND, OR, and NOT are the basic building blocks of a library search, but with a few more symbols and an understanding of operator syntax, you can fine-tune your searches to get the most out of the library.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Quotation Marks<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2162\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2162\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the three basic operators, quotation marks are the next most useful feature of library search syntax. Remember how the search <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> really means <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">process AND theology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the system\u2019s language? Quotation marks will tell the system to read <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cprocess theology\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a complete phrase, instead. Now instead of finding every record with both of those words somewhere in the record, it will only find records where those words appear together in that exact configuration. This can be helpful if you\u2019re looking for a very specific technical term that is made up of more generic words (like, indeed, process theology), or you can use it to look up specific works by their titles. In the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT Santa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> example above, you could use quotation marks to search <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christmas NOT \u201cSanta Claus\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if it were important to get the whole name in.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Asterisks<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2163\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2163\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asterisks (that little star that you can use by hitting the shift and 8 keys together on a standard English language keyboard) are very useful for searching for topics where a root word might come with multiple possible endings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of doing separate searches for the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theology, theological, theologize, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theologian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make sure you get everything you need, you can simply search for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theolog*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the system will search for the typed letters with any ending. As you can imagine, this is more useful with some roots than with others. For most people, the example of theolog* is probably actually much too broad. Similarly, the search <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christ*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will get you results with Christ, Christian, Christianity, and Christmas, as well as Christopher, Christchurch, christendom, Christina, christen, and on and on. Make sure to type as much of the word as you possibly can without excluding the endings you want to see (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theolog* <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">instead of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theo*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or, worse, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). With a few exceptions, roots less than four or five letters probably won\u2019t be helpful.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asterisks are most useful where you don\u2019t want to differentiate between singular and plural, or where a root might have equally relevant forms in different parts of speech (a noun, verb, adjective, etc., such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jew<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jewish<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oblige<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obligation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Adding another operator can help limit the search if there are too many results. For example, the endless possibilities of the term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ*<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> might be narrowed down a very little bit with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ* AND england<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">christ* AND scripture<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Parentheses and Search Strings<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2164\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2164\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parentheses enable you to combine multiple operators and determine the order in which they\u2019re read. The system will perform the segment of the string inside in the innermost parentheses first, and then will use the results of that operation to perform the next one.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you type the phrase with different operators, the system will read the AND operation first. In the string <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor AND Methodist OR Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the system will give you all the results that combine the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, plus all the results with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whether or not the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is present. If you put <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AND pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the other side of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> it will still read the AND first. You\u2019d get a lot of things about Presbyterian pastors plus a lot of things about Methodists.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But that probably isn\u2019t what you meant. Instead, use the string <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian).<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The system will first find all of the records containing either of the words <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, then will narrow the results by selecting the records that also contain the word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You can create even more steps by nesting the parentheses: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">education AND (pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian))<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> might be a roundabout way to look for research on denominational seminaries. Make sure to count your parentheses and close all of your phrases.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also use parentheses to search for terms that have important synonyms, and you can use multiple separate parenthetical phrases in the same string, like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(bible OR scripture) AND (Hebrew OR Jewish)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: You can create strings as long and as nested as you want, although if your searches are getting very complicated there\u2019s probably an easier way. Try finding different search terms, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seminary AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seminar* AND denomination* <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">instead of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">education AND (pastor AND (Methodist OR Presbyterian))<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or, if you\u2019re getting very, very specific, head to Google to find the title of the individual book you\u2019re looking for.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: You don\u2019t need parentheses if you\u2019re using the same operator throughout your string or if you have only one operator. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist AND Presbyterian AND Baptist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the same as if you put parentheses anywhere in that string. You only need parentheses when you\u2019re mixing AND, OR, and NOT.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: It doesn\u2019t matter what order you put things in if you\u2019re using parentheses correctly. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Methodist OR Presbyterian) AND pastor<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> should find the same results as the example above. You could also switch the order of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methodist <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presbyterian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Stop Words and Titles with Operator Words<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2165\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2165\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To increase efficiency, the system will ignore some words, called stop words. Inclusion of these words as part of the search string would return most or even literally all of the records available.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common stop words are:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articles (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a, an, the<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most small prepositions (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in, out, of, by, to, on<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the verb <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and many of its conjugations (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are, is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">subordinating conjunctions (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if, which, that<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc.)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes it\u2019s easier to type what\u2019s in your head or what you\u2019re used to typing, rather than take the time to sort through all of the things that are irrelevant, even if the parsed version is simpler. The searches <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bible <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will get you the same results, so there\u2019s no harm in including stop words or capital letters if it would take more effort to stop yourself from typing them. The important thing to remember is that the system doesn\u2019t understand normal English, so including stop words won\u2019t improve your results. The phrase <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law in the bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is identical, as far as the system is concerned, to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">law AND bible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If you want to distinguish Deuteronomistic legal codes from <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">modern<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> laws about or based on the Bible, you need to construct a search using distinct terms, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">torah<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cdeuteronomistic code\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, stop words and the operators AND, OR, and NOT are normal words that often appear in titles. If you\u2019re looking for a specific work, this is easy to get around in two ways:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can choose distinctive words from the title, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">finding god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (including the author\u2019s name for good measure, if you want).<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can use quotation marks, as in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cfinding god in the graffiti\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the title doesn\u2019t contain any especially distinctive words and you need to include a stop word or an operator word to find it (for example, the book <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thedtl.on.worldcat.org\/oclc\/2296199\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jesus Christ is not God<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), quotation marks are the best solution.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: It is very difficult to find full lists of stop words. The ones listed above are safe to assume, but longer prepositions like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">above<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">along<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may or may not be excluded from your searches. Trial and error is a good strategy, and when in doubt, quotation marks will always make sure those words are included. You can even put quotation marks around a single word.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Searching for Titles and Authors<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2166\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2166\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An easy and usually reliable way to search for a resource you already know about is to search for the author\u2019s name plus two or three major words from the title. Above, we tried the example <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rogers god graffiti<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This works nearly all the time, if the title and the author\u2019s name are distinct enough.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But what if they aren\u2019t distinct (a frequent problem in biblical studies, where it\u2019s common to find dozens of books with titles like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gospel of Matthew<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deuteronomy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)? Or what if you remember the book\u2019s title, but without the author\u2019s name you aren\u2019t getting the correct results? Or what if you simply want to see all of the available works by a specific author?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enter the index identifiers. All of the searches so far in this guide have been keyword searches, which means that they do not specify a particular part of the record to search, and therefore search the entire record. But catalog records are divided into distinct sections. These are explained a little more fully in the section of this guide called Technical Stuff, but for now you just need to know that they exist and you can specify them in your searches.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common index identifiers are:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au = author (In the DTL this will also find editors, translators, other creators and sometimes contributors.)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ti = title<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">su = subject (This searches specific sections of the catalog record, and will not necessarily find all items that could be considered to belong to that subject. See the Technical Stuff section for more.)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To use these identifiers, type them with a colon (:) or equal sign (=) before the search term. You can also use them with other operators, quotation marks, and parentheses, and all of the usual rules apply. Here are a few different ways to find Dr. Rogers\u2019s book:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ti: \u201cfinding god in the graffiti\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au: Frank Rogers<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">au: \u201cFrank Rogers\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">graffiti AND au: rogers<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can also search for an author\u2019s works by finding one of them through a keyword or title search and then clicking on the author\u2019s name where it appears as a link in the record.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tip: Although it appears in one of the examples, it\u2019s usually best not to search for an author\u2019s name in quotation marks. This is because not all authors are identified in the system by simply their first and last name. Many authors use initials, shortened names, or middle names, which don\u2019t always appear in the same ways on all of their publications. Some people, often women, may have published under two or three names at different times in their careers, and some authors with Asian or African names adopt Western names that may appear differently in different publications. Librarians have ways of collecting all of these names under a single author record, but the record name might not be the one you\u2019re expecting. Quotation marks may be helpful to distinguish two authors with similar names, but only if you\u2019re sure of the record name.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10629c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10629c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55fd460 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"55fd460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47dff0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47dff0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4324964 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4324964\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Behind the Scenes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa7c7b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aa7c7b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da71eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da71eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This section is for people who want to do deep searches, such as finding all or nearly all of the available literature on a topic. It includes a basic description of the technical structures underlying the operations that this guide has already discussed. This provides context for why the catalog works the way it does, which will be helpful as you try to get the most out of it.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each item in a library catalog has a unique record created using a database cataloging format called machine readable cataloging (MARC). A MARC record consists of many fields whose contents are determined by numbers. For example, field 100 indicates the primary author of a work, and field 245 indicates the title. You won\u2019t see these fields directly, but you can manipulate your searches to make use of them.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is a typical DTL catalog record for a book:<\/span><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-43864 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord.png\" alt=\"A screenshot of a DTL record for Frank Rogers's book Finding God in the Graffiti. There are many different fields showing different types of information about the book.\" width=\"624\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord.png 624w, https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RogersRecord-300x278.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The place of everything in this record is determined by MARC fields. There are many possible fields, so you may see different categories for different types of items. For example, records for journal articles will not usually include the \u201cSeries\u201d category or the publication location that\u2019s near the top. There are also a lot of fields that you aren\u2019t seeing but that the system can still read. When you use the checkboxes to narrow your search on the left side of the results page (not shown in this image), you\u2019re asking the system to read various fields, such as those for date or language, to make exclusions from the list it has already given you.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two quirks that an advanced researcher should know about:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although editors and translators are designated by different MARC fields than authors, for convenience all creators will usually appear in the \u201cAuthor\u201d category in the record, sometimes\u2013but not always\u2013with their actual designation in parentheses after their name. This is important for your citations. Do not rely on the categories as presented in the catalog for accurate citation information. Make sure to look at the item itself to make sure you\u2019re listing authors, editors, translators, publishers, etc., correctly in your footnotes and bibliographies. It is common to find organizations listed in the catalog on the \u201cAuthor\u201d line, often for things like conference proceedings where the organization simply convened the conference or funded the work, and shouldn\u2019t be cited as a creator.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The links in the \u201cSubjects\u201d category are pre-determined headings related to specific MARC fields. They will come up in a general keyword search, but if you click one of the links it will <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">only<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> look for other items with that specific heading designated in a MARC field. That means it will not necessarily find every item associated with that topic, since a librarian or technician had to deliberately choose to include it in the record. Subject headings can be very helpful for browsing and for focusing your searches if you\u2019re getting a lot of irrelevant results, but don\u2019t mistake them for exhaustive lists of everything published on a particular topic. The fact that subject headings are pre-determined makes them poor options for starting your search, because you need to know what the subject heading is called before you can search for it. Further, the way they\u2019re phrased is not always intuitive to specialists in a field, especially if vocabulary or other considerations about the topic have changed since the headings were created. It took years of advocacy by librarians to get the subject heading <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ala.org\/news\/2021\/11\/ala-welcomes-removal-offensive-illegal-aliens-subject-headings\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illegal aliens <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">changed, and then many libraries had to manually update their records to reflect the change. You can browse the very, very extensive full list of Library of Congress subject headings here (but you can see in the record above that other lists exist, often created by the national libraries of other countries): <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCSH\/freelcsh.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/aba\/publications\/FreeLCSH\/freelcsh.html<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe1e6da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe1e6da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68d573a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68d573a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. Not everyone [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-43838","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Advanced Library Searching - Claremont School of Theology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/advanced-library-searching\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Advanced Library Searching\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. Not everyone [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/advanced-library-searching\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Claremont School of Theology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClaremontTheology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-16T20:23:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CST_News\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/\",\"name\":\"Advanced Library Searching - Claremont School of Theology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/AND-300x175.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-16T20:21:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-16T20:23:52+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"yue\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"yue\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/AND-300x175.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/AND-300x175.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/advanced-library-searching\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Advanced Library Searching\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Claremont School of Theology\",\"description\":\"Claremont School of Theology, located in Southern California equips students for lives of ministry, leadership, and service.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"yue\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Claremont School of Theology\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"yue\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/cst_seal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/cst_seal.jpg\",\"width\":792,\"height\":792,\"caption\":\"Claremont School of Theology\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/cst.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ClaremontTheology\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/CST_News\",\"http:\\\/\\\/instagram.com\\\/cst_news\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/school\\\/claremont-school-of-theology\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Advanced Library Searching - Claremont School of Theology","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/advanced-library-searching\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Advanced Library Searching","og_description":"Conducting library searches is the art of being just specific enough using a simple set of tools. This guide will introduce you to the basic terms, functions, and limitations of the DTL\u2019s system, and give you some tools to begin creating better searches. It is long, with a lot of explanation and examples. Not everyone [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/advanced-library-searching\/","og_site_name":"Claremont School of Theology","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClaremontTheology\/","article_modified_time":"2024-10-16T20:23:52+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@CST_News","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/","url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/","name":"Advanced Library Searching - Claremont School of Theology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png","datePublished":"2024-10-16T20:21:36+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-16T20:23:52+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"yue","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"yue","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/AND-300x175.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/advanced-library-searching\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Advanced Library Searching"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/","name":"\u514b\u840a\u8499\u7279\u795e\u5b78\u9662","description":"\u4f4d\u65bc\u5357\u52a0\u5dde\u5605\u514b\u840a\u8499\u7279\u795e\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u5de5\u3001\u9818\u5c0e\u540c\u670d\u52d9\u5605\u751f\u6d3b\u3002.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"yue"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#organization","name":"\u514b\u840a\u8499\u7279\u795e\u5b78\u9662","url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"yue","@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cst_seal.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cst_seal.jpg","width":792,"height":792,"caption":"Claremont School of Theology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClaremontTheology\/","https:\/\/x.com\/CST_News","http:\/\/instagram.com\/cst_news","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/claremont-school-of-theology\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43838"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43876,"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43838\/revisions\/43876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cst.edu\/yue\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}